Osteoporosis — risks, diagnosis, treatment | T&F

The risk of fracture increases approximately two-fold for each standard deviation decrease in bone mineral density.

Men and women have different diagnostic cut-off values for osteoporosis diagnosis based on bone mineral density estimates.

Teriparatide is associated with a modest decrease in hip fractures.

It is estimated that over 25 per cent of individuals die within 12 months of a hip fracture.

According to the WHO recommendations, the spine is the preferred site to use in older people for diagnosing osteoporosis using a DXA scan.

When BMD alone is used to assess fracture risk without considering additional clinical risk factors, individuals at risk of fragility fractures may be missed.

Bone remodelling replaces about 5-to-10 per cent of the skeleton each year.

Osteoblasts have a longer life span than osteoclasts.

Denosumab is an analogue of human parathyroid hormone.

Calcium supplementation alone has been proven to reduce fracture risk.