Multiple sclerosis — aetiology and treatment | T&F

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease with both genetic and environmental involvement.

There is a geographical distribution in the incidence of MS.

The incidence of MS is decreasing.

The use of MRI allows for earlier diagnosis of MS.

Corticosteroids influence disease progression.

The aim of disease modifying therapy is to slow progression of the disease.

Interferons are established first-line therapies for MS.

Interferon (IFN) β-1a and β-1b and glatiramer acetate (GA) administered by subcutaneous (SC) or intramuscular (IM) injection are the established first-line therapies for relapsing MS. 

Glatiramer acetate can cause myocardial ischaemia.

Teriflunomide reduces relapse and delay disability progression.